Problem Discovery vs. Solution Discovery: Why does this sequence matter?
Table of contents
Quick Access
In the world of software development, great solutions are born from a clear understanding of the problems. However, many companies still start projects with a predetermined idea of what needs to be done, without having thoroughly validated whether the identified problem is actually the correct one.
This common mistake can lead to wasted time, resources, and opportunities. Therefore, understanding the difference between problem discovery and solution discovery, as well as the logical sequence between the two, is essential for making sound decisions and generating true business value.
What is Problem Discovery?
Problem discovery is the initial stage of the innovation or development process, where the problem that truly needs to be solved is identified, understood, and defined.
It's more than just a guess: it involves in-depth research, talking to users, analyzing current processes, and understanding the business context.
In this phase, the goal is not to think of a solution, but to understand the problem in all its magnitude. This includes:
- Knowing who has the problem and why.
- Understanding how it affects the business.
- Detecting whether the problem is recurring or one-time.
- Evaluating the economic impact of not solving it.
Many companies believe they've performed problem discovery when in reality they've made assumptions. Instead of validating needs, they jump straight into building solutions, which brings us to the next concept.
What is Solution Discovery?
Once rigorous problem discovery has been performed, solution discovery begins. This stage focuses on finding, exploring, and validating possible solutions to the previously identified problem.
During solution discovery, solution hypotheses are generated, ideas are prototyped, concepts are tested with users, and feedback is collected. It is a creative phase, but also a strategic one, as its objective is to ensure that the proposed solution:
- Is technically feasible.
- Is accepted by the user.
- Meets business objectives.
- Is scalable and sustainable over time.
Both phases are interconnected, but their success depends on following the correct order: first problem discovery, then solution discovery.
Why order matters: Avoiding purposeless solutions
In an environment where time and resources are limited, developing a solution without a clear understanding of the problem is a recipe for failure.
Many companies fall into this trap: they fall in love with a technology, an interface, or a trend, and build products that no one needs.
Reversing the order—doing solution discovery first without going through problem discovery—generates consequences such as:
- Misalignment with user needs. The solution may be innovative, but irrelevant.
- Waste of budget. Investments are made in development before validating whether the investment makes sense.
- Internal resistance. Teams don't understand the rationale for the solution because the problem was never discussed.
- Disconnection with business objectives. The solution doesn't impact key indicators.
However, when the correct order is followed—first problem discovery, then solution discovery—decisions are based on evidence, and software development becomes an effective tool for solving real challenges.
Practical example: Poorly sequenced process
Let's imagine a logistics company that decides to create a mobile app for its delivery drivers. It starts by hiring a team to develop the app (solution discovery), without thoroughly investigating the delivery team's needs (problem discovery).
The result: a functional app, but one that doesn't solve the real problem. Delivery drivers don't use it because their main challenges aren't related to the software, but rather to the excessive delivery load and the lack of optimized routes.
If the company had started with problem discovery, it might have discovered that what's really needed is a more efficient routing algorithm or distribution system. The solution would have been different, probably simpler and more impactful.
How to apply problem discovery and solution discovery in your organization
If you're a manager, CEO, or team leader, these steps will help you successfully implement both processes:
Involve real users from the start
Speak directly with the people facing the problem. Don't base your decisions solely on reports or metrics. Problem discovery is enriched by direct observation and interviews.
Clearly define the problem before thinking about solutions
Avoid vague phrases like "we need to automate this process." Why? What part is inefficient? What is the cost of not doing it?
Validate the problem with data
Complement qualitative information with quantitative data. How many times does it occur? What impact does it have? What other areas does it affect?
Encourage structured ideation sessions
During solution discovery, don't search for "the perfect idea" from the start. Generate multiple options, prototype them, and validate with users.
Iterate before building
Don't develop complete software without first testing minimum viable versions. Solution discovery is agile, experimental, and feedback-based.
Advantages of respecting the sequence: first problem, then solution
Implementing a culture where problem discovery and solution discovery are applied in order and with rigor brings multiple benefits to any organization:
- Higher return on investment. Only what is necessary is built, what solves real problems.
- Better alignment with users. Solutions are more widely used and valued.
- More engaged teams. By understanding the purpose, teams work more purposefully.
- Risk reduction. The probability of failure is minimized by validating before building.
In software development and innovation in general, sequence matters. It's not just about having good ideas, but about solving the right problems.
Problem discovery and solution discovery are not isolated processes, but their effectiveness depends on the order in which they are executed.
For decision-makers, understanding this distinction is key to leading successful projects, optimizing investments, and generating solutions that truly transform the business.
Do you need a team to execute the solution discovery process? At Rootstack, we have over 15 years of experience supporting companies in their digital transformation. Contact us!